Python Operators

 

  • Operators are special symbols in python that carry out Arithmetic or Logical computation.
  • The value that the operator operates on is called Operands.

TYPES OF OPERATORS:


1. ARITHMETIC OPERATORS:

  • Performs the arithmetic operations for a given input.
OPERATOR FUNCTION SYNTAX
+ Adds the value assigned to variables x and y respectively. x+y
Subtracts the value assigned to variables x and y respectively. x-y
* Multiplies the values assigned to variables x and y respectively. x*y
/ Divides the values assigned to variables x and y respectively. x/y
// It is a Floor operator. It gives the value near to and less than the output value. x//y
% It gives the value of the remainder when x divides y. x%y
** Exponent operator. Gives the value of x exponent y. x**y

 

Example

Addition Operation

x=10
y=20
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x+y)

Output:

30

 

Example

Subtraction Operation

x=100
y=20
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x-y)

Output:

80

 

Example

Multiplication Operation.

x=10
y=20
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x*y)

Output:

200

 

Example

Division Operation.

x=100
y=20
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x/y)

Output:

5

 

Example

Floor Operations.

x=111
y=20
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x//y)

Output:

5

 

Example

Remainder Operations.

x=108
y=20
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x%y)

Output:

8

 

Example

Exponent Operations.

x=10
y=3
print("Addition of x and y is: ", x**y)

Output:

1000

2. Comparisons Operators:

  • These operators are also known as Relational Operators.
  • It either returns True or False according to the condition.

 

OPERATOR FUNCTION SYNTAX
> Checks for the greater value among the given two values. x>y
< Checks for the lower value among the given two values. x<y
>= Checks for the greater than or equal to value among the given two values. x>=y
<= Checks for the less than or equal to value among the given two values. x<=y
== Checks whether the given two values are equal. x==y
!= Checks whether the given two values are not equal. x!=y

 

Example

Greater than operator(>)

x=10
y=20
print(x > y)

Output:

False

 

Example

Less than operator(<)

x=10
y=20
print(x < y)

Output:

True

 

Example

Greater than equal to the operator(>=)

x=10
y=20
print(x >= y)

Output:

False

 

Example

Less than Equal To operator(<=)

x=10
y=20
print(x <= y)

Output:

True

 

Example

Equal To operator(==)

x=10
y=20
print(x = y)

Output:

False

 

Example

Not Equal To operator(!=)

x=10
y=20
print(x != y)

Output:

True

3. Logical Operators:

  • Use to perform the Logical operations.
  • Logical operators are used to combining conditional statements.
OPERATOR FUNCTION SYNTAX
and When both the values are True, “and” operator returns True or else it returns False. x and y
or When both the values are False, “or” operator returns False or else it returns True. x or y
not Returns the negated value of the given input. x not y

 

Example

AND Operator.

x = True
y = False
print(x and y)

Output:

False

 

Example

OR Operator.

x = True
y = False
print(x or y)

Output:

True

 

Example

NOT Operator.

x = True
print(not x)

Output:

False

4. Bitwise Operator:

  • It acts on operands as if they were strings of binary digits.
  • It operates bit by bit.
OPERATOR FUNCTION SYNTAX
& Performs the bitwise and operation between x and y. It returns 1 if both bits are 1, else 0. x & y
| Performs the bitwise or operation between x and y.It returns 0 if both bits are 0,else 1. x or y
~ Performs the negation operation. it inverts the given bit. ~x
^ Performs the XOR operation. It returns 1 if at least one of the bits is 1, else 0. x^y
>> Performs the right shift(of 1 bit) operation by inserting the zeros from the left side and leaving the rightmost value. x>>1
<< Performs the left shift(of 1 bit) operation by inserting the zeros from the right side and leaving the leftmost value. x<<1

 

Example

Bitwise AND(&) Operator.

x = 0
y = 1
print(x & y)

Output:

0

 

Example

Bitwise OR(|) Operator.

x = 0
y = 1
print(x | y)

Output:

1

 

Example

Bitwise NOT(~) Operator.

x = 0
print( ~x )

Output:

1

 

Example

Bitwise X-OR(^) Operator.

x = 0
y = 1
print(x ^ y)

Output:

1

 

Example

Bitwise Right Shift(>>) Operator.

x = 14
print( x>>1 )

Output:

7

 

Example

Bitwise Left Shit(<<) Operator.

x = 14
print( x<<1 )

Output:

28

5. Assignment Operator:

  • It is used to assign values to variables.
OPERATOR FUNCTION SYNTAX
= It assigns the value to a variable. x=2
+= It updates the value of x by adding 2 to it. x+=2
-= It updates the value of x by subtracting 2 from it x-=2
/= It updates the value of x by dividing it by 2. x/=2
%= It gives the updated remainder of x. x%=2
//= It gives the updated near to or less than the value of x. x//=2
**= It gives the updated value of x by taking its exponent as 2. x**=2
&= It gives the updated value of x by performing bitwise and operation on x. x&=2
|= It gives the updated value of x by performing a bitwise or operation on x|=2
^= It gives the updated value of x by performing a bitwise XOR operation x^=2
>>= It gives the updated value of x by performing the right shift by 2 operations. x>>=2
<<= It gives the updated value of x by performing the left shift by 2 operations. x<<=2

 

 

Example

Value Assign Operator(=)

x = 10
print(x)

Output:

10

 

Example

Value Addition Operator(+=)

x = 10
x += 2
print(x)

Output:

12

 

Example

Value Subtraction Operator(-=)

x = 10
x -= 2
print(x)

Output:

8

 

Example

Value Division Operator(/=)

x = 10
x /= 2
print(x)

Output:

5.0

 

Example

Value Modulus Operator(=)

x = 10
x %= 7
print(x)

Output:

3

 

Example

Floor Operator(//=)

x = 20
x //= 7
print(x)

Output:

2

 

Example

Exponent Operator(**=)

x = 10
x **= 2
print(x)

Output:

100

 

Example

Bitwise And Operator(&).

x = 10
x &= 2
print(x)

Output:

2

 

Example

Bitwise Or Operator(|).

x = 10
x |= 2
print(x)

Output:

10

 

Example

Bitwise X-OR Operator(^).

x = 10
x ^= 2
print(x)

Output:

8

 

Example

Bitwise Right Shift(>>=) Operator.

x = 10
x >>= 2
print(x)

Output:

2

 

Example

Bitwise Left Shift(<<=) Operator.

x = 10
x <<= 2
print(x)

Output:

40

6. Membership Operators:

‘in’ and ‘not in’: They are used to test whether a value or variable is found in a sequence(string, list, tuple, set and dictionary).In the dictionary, it can check only in the keys and not in values.

Example

Using ‘in’ Membership Operator.

cars = ['Lamborghini','Ford','BMW'] 
print('Ford' in cars)

Output:

True

 

Example

Using ‘not in’ Membership Operator.

cars = ['Lamborghini','Ford','BMW'] 
print('Ferrari' not in cars)

Output:

True

 

Example

cars = {1:'Lamborghini',2:'Ford',3:'BMW'}
print('BMW' in cars)

Output:

False

 

Example

cars = {1:'Lamborghini',2:'Ford',3:'BMW'}
print(3 in cars)

Output:

True

 

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